MANAGING PET DIABETES: A VET’S GUIDE TO KEEPING YOUR PET HEALTHY

Managing diabetes in pets can feel overwhelming, but with the correct information and care plan, your furry friend can still enjoy a full and happy life. We spoke to Dr Sjamony van Zyl from Roodekruin Veterinary Clinic to learn more about diabetes in pets: from early signs and treatment options to lifestyle changes and how MSD Animal Health and Pet Insurance  can help pet parents. With the proper support, including regular vet care and a tailored lifestyle, diabetic pets can thrive.

What is diabetes in pets, and how does it develop?

Diabetes Mellitus in pets is a chronic condition where the body cannot properly produce or use insulin, leading to high blood sugar levels. It develops when the pancreas either stops producing enough insulin (Type 1 diabetes) or when the pet’s body becomes resistant to insulin (Type 2 diabetes). This condition can be triggered by genetics, obesity, pancreatitis or other underlying diseases.

Can you explain the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in pets?

Type 1 diabetes in pets occurs when the pancreas produces little to no insulin, which is essential for regulating blood sugar. This form is often seen in dogs and requires lifelong canine insulin injections for management.

Type 2 diabetes, more common in cats, happens when the pet’s body becomes resistant to insulin. The pancreas still produces insulin, but the body can’t use it effectively. In some cases, weight loss and dietary changes can improve insulin sensitivity, though some pets may still require insulin treatment.

Did you know? MSD Animal Health makes the only veterinary insulin for pets. Speak to your veterinarian to ensure your pet gets the right care.

What are the common signs and symptoms pet owners should look out for?

• Increased thirst (polydipsia)
• Frequent urination (polyuria)
• Increased appetite (polyphagia) despite weight loss
• Lethargy or weakness
• Cloudy eyes (in dogs) or worsening vision
• Poor coat condition (in cats)
• Sweet-smelling breath in advanced cases

The signs indicate high blood sugar levels and should prompt a vet visit for diagnosis and treatment. Other symptoms that can occur in severe cases include vomiting and inappetence.

How is diabetes diagnosed in pets, and what tests are involved?

Diabetes in pets is diagnosed through a combination of clinical signs and laboratory tests. Vets typically perform:

• A Blood Glucose test: Measures the pet’s blood sugar levels. Consistently elevated glucose levels suggest diabetes.
• A Urinalysis: Checks for glucose and ketones in the urine, which is often present in diabetic pets.
• A Fructosamine test: Measures average blood sugar levels over the past few weeks, helping confirm a long-term glucose imbalance.

Based on the clinical symptoms and the above-mentioned tests, a diagnosis can be made quickly, often within a day.

What are the treatment options for a pet diagnosed with diabetes? Can they live a normal life after diagnosis?

Treatment typically includes:

• Insulin injections: Most diabetic pets require daily insulin shots to regulate blood sugar.
• Dietary management: A specialised diet, usually high in fibre and low in simple carbohydrates, helps control blood sugar.
• Weight management: Keeping the pet at a healthy weight is crucial, especially for cats with type 2 diabetes.

With proper treatment, regular monitoring, and a healthy lifestyle, many diabetic pets can live happy, normal lives for years after diagnosis.

What diet or lifestyle changes are necessary for managing a diabetic pet?

• Specialised diet: High-fibre, low-carb diets help regulate blood sugar. Dogs may benefit from high-fibre dog food, while cats often need a high-protein, low-carb diet.
• Consistent feeding schedule: Meals should align with insulin injections to avoid blood glucose spikes or drops.
• Regular exercise: Moderate, consistent exercise helps to maintain a healthy weight and can improve insulin sensitivity, especially in overweight pets.

These changes, combined with medication, help stabilise the pet’s condition.

How important is regular activity for pets with diabetes?

Regular activity and exercise are very important for pets as it helps to:

• Control weight: Maintaining a healthy weight is essential, as obesity can worsen insulin resistance, especially in type 2 diabetes.
• Improve insulin sensitivity: Exercise enhances the body’s ability to use insulin, which helps to regulate blood sugar levels better.
• Prevent glucose spikes: Consistent exercise can stabilise blood sugar levels and prevent sharp fluctuations after meals.

However, exercise should be moderate and regular, as sudden intense activity could cause hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar).

How can pet insurance  and MSD Animal Health support diabetic pets?

Managing diabetes in pets involves long-term care, and having the right support helps ease the journey. Pet insurance can cover:

• Diagnostic tests: Insurance can cover blood tests, urinalysis, and other necessary diagnostics to confirm and monitor diabetic patients.

• Insulin and supplies: The cost of daily insulin injections, syringes and glucose monitoring equipment for dogs and cats, and insurance can help offset these expenses.
• Vet visits: Regular check-ups and follow-up appointments are needed to adjust treatment plans and ensure proper diabetes management.
• Emergency care: If complications such as hypoglycaemia or diabetic ketoacidosis occur, the insurance companies can help with unexpected emergency costs.

Treating diabetic pets can be costly, especially when emergencies arise. With insurance, pet parents can focus on their pets’ well-being without worrying about finances.

Download the Pet Diabetes Tracker App here to stay informed and connected to the resources your pet needs.

Can you share a real-life story where early detection or treatment made a big difference in a pet’s life?

Our lovely nurse saw a pet for annual vaccinations, and after chatting with the owner, she noticed that some of the symptoms we see with diabetes were present in the history provided by the owner. The pet was not ill or showing any severe symptoms. It was just drinking more water and urinating much. We did a glucose test, and he had very, very high blood sugar levels. After explaining the diagnosis, chronic treatment and financial implications of the treatment, the pet was given treatment for diabetes, and he is still doing extremely well. We see him twice a year for his bi-annual check-ups, and he is living a happy and healthy life with a chronic diagnosis of diabetes.

Are there any preventive measures pet owners can take to lower the risk of diabetes?

• Maintain a healthy weight: Obesity is a major risk factor, so eating a balanced diet and regular exercise helps prevent weight-related insulin resistance.
• Feed them a balanced diet: Avoid high-carb, sugary foods and feed pets high-quality, species-appropriate diets that support stable blood sugar levels.
• Regular vet check-ups: Early detection of conditions such as obesity, pancreatitis, or hormonal disorders can help prevent diabetes from developing.
• Spaying female dogs: Due to hormonal fluctuations, unspayed females are at higher risk of diabetes, but spaying can reduce that risk.

By adopting these habits, pet owners can help lower their pets’ chances of developing diabetes.

Dr Sjamony van Zyl

Roodekruin Veterinary Clinic (Roodepoort)

Caring for Your Diabetic Pet: It’s All About Preparedness

Diabetes in pets requires commitment, but with proper care, pets can enjoy happy, healthy lives. Preventive measures such as maintaining a healthy weight and regular vet visits are crucial for avoiding complications.

With MSD Animal Health’s veterinary insulin and Pet Insurance from dotsure.co.za, you’ll have peace of mind knowing your pet is taken care of. Plus, essential diagnostics and treatments will be covered, allowing you to focus on your pet’s well-being, not the costs.

Visit dotsure.co.za to explore pet insurance plans and get a quote online today – fetch your cover!

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